独立主格，第一它是一个“格”，而不是一个“句子”。在英语中任何一个句子都要有主谓结构，而在这个结构中，没真的的主语和谓语动词，但又在逻辑上构成主谓或主表关系。
独立主格结构不是主谓完整的简单句，而只不过一个短语。
什么叫独立主格?
独立主格结构 是一种特定的英语句式，由两部分组成，前一部分是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词 或形容词、副词、名词或介词短语。前后两部分具备逻辑主谓关系。即：
名词/代词 + 目前分词
名词/代词 + 过去分词
名词/代词 + 动词不定式
名词/代词 + 形容词、副词、名词或介词短语
+
独立主格结构可以说是英语学习中的一个难题，由于它在乎义上可以独立成句，却与另一个句子组成句子，不需要连词。那样，让大家来看看独立主格结构是怎么样形成的。
独立主格结构的特征：
1、独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
2、名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、不定式、介词等是主谓关系。
3、独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，其用途等于一个状语从句，常用来表示时间、缘由、条件、行为方法或随着状况等。
独立主格的使用方法
独立主格结构是一个独立主格的名词或代词，加上一个分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语。其用途等于状语，多用来表示行为、方法或随着的状况，有时也用来表示时间和条件。这种结构多用在书面语中。
1、几种容易见到的独立主格结构形式
1.名词+目前分词。如：
1)The moon appearing,they decided to go on with theirjouney.
2)Good-bye said,he went home.
2.名词+形容词。如：
3)The weatherhot,we all went swimming.
3.名词+不定式。如：
4)Some of the money to be paid by the thief, the policewent.
4.名词+介词短语。如：
5)He climbed in,sword in hand.
5.名词+副词。如：
6)The meetingover, we left the room.
独立主格结构的模式是:
主格名词/代词 + 分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语
1. All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs.
2. The question settled, we went home.
3. The river having risen in the night, the crossing was impossible.
主格名词/代词 + 分词
主格名词/代词 + 形容词
1. His mother being ill, he had to stay home to look after her.
2. Other things being equal, I would buy the black dress.
主格名词/代词 + 副词
The meeting being over, our headmaster soon left
the meeting-room.
We to care for the children, you are able to be carefree
away from home.
主格名词/代词 + 不定式
主格名词/代词 +介词短语
Our English teacher came into the classroom, papers in hand.
with复合结构 与 独立主格结构
它们都可以在句中作缘由状语,随着情况状语,条件状语,时间状语或结果状语用,一般也可以相互转换.虽然它们的语法功能和意义相同,但其结构形式和名字却不相同.
with复合结构的模式是:
with+名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语
独立主格结构的模式是:
主格名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语
一,作时间状语
1,With winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and
some birds fly south.
=Winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some
birds fly south.
二,作缘由状语
1,With the weather terribly cold, we entered the
room to warm ourselves.
= The weather terribly cold, we entered the room to warm ourselves.
2,With the key having been lost, she could not
enter the room.
= The key having been lost, she could not enter the room.
三,作条件状语
1,With time permitting, we'll visit the summer Palace.
= Time permitting, we'll visit the Summer Palace.
2,With the car going wrong, we'll have to sTOP
at the foot of the mountain.
= The car going wrong, we'll have to sTOP at the foot
of the mountain.
四,作随着状语
1,The mother was cleaning the house with her baby
playing on the bed.
=The mother was cleaning the house, her baby playing
on the bed.
2,Last night I followed him, with a sword in my hand.
= Last night I followed him , sword in hand.
无论with复合结构还是独立主格结构,都不可有动词的谓语形式充当其中的逻辑谓语.如下例中的was就需要去掉:
He sat at the desk reading
with a pen was in his right hand.
with复合结构可以作后置定语修饰名词,而独立主格结构则不可作后置定语修饰名词.
Soon she arrived at a park with grass green and
flowers in blossom.
= Soon she arrived at a park whose grass was green
and whose flowers were in blossom.
